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mwm - The Motif Window Manager

Synopsis

mwm [options]

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Description

The mwm window manager provides functions that facilitate control (by the user and the programmer) of elements of window state such as placement,size, icon/normal display, and input-focus ownership.

The stand-alone window manager is not an integral part of CDE and does not support communication with other components in the CDE environment, such as theStyle Manager and the Session Manager.

Options

The following sections describe the basic default behaviors of windows, icons, the icon box, input focus, and window stacking. The appearance and behaviorof the window manager can be altered by changing the configuration of specific resources. Resources are defined under the heading 'X DEFAULTS.'

Screens

By default, mwm manages only the single screen specified by the -display option or the DISPLAY environment variable (by default, screen0). If the -multiscreen option is specified or if the multiScreen resource is True, mwm tries to manage all the screens on the display.

When mwm is managing multiple screens, the -screens option can be used to give each screen a unique resource name. The names are separated byblanks, for example, -screens scr0 scr1. If there are more screens than names, resources for the remaining screens will be retrieved using the firstname. By default, the screen number is used for the screen name.

Windows

Default mwm window frames have distinct components with associated functions:

Title Area

In addition to displaying the client's title, the title area is used to move the window. To move the window, place the pointer over the title area, pressbutton 1 and drag the window to a new location. By default, a wire frame is moved during the drag to indicate the new location. When the button is released,the window is moved to the new location.

Title Bar

The title bar includes the title area, the minimize button, the maximize button, and the window menu button. In shaped windows, such as round windows, thetitle bar floats above the window.

Minimize Button

To turn the window into an icon, click button 1 on the minimize button (the frame box with a small square in it).

Maximize Button

To make the window fill the screen (or enlarge to the largest size allowed by the configuration files), click button 1 on the maximize button (the frame boxwith a large square in it).

Window Menu Button

The window menu button is the frame box with a horizontal bar in it. To pull down the window menu, press button 1. While pressing, drag the pointer on themenu to your selection, then release the button when your selection is highlighted. Pressing button 3 in the title bar or resize border handles also posts thewindow menu. Alternately, you can click button 1 to pull down the menu and keep it posted; then position the pointer and select. You can also post the windowmenu by pressing <Shift> <Esc> or <Alt> <Space>. Double-clicking button 1 with the pointer on the window menu button closes thewindow.

The following table lists the contents of the window menu.

Default Window Menu

Resize Border Handles

To change the size of a window, move the pointer over a resize border handle (the cursor changes), press button 1, and drag the window to a new size. Whenthe button is released, the window is resized. While dragging is being done, a rubber-band outline is displayed to indicate the new window size.

Matte

An optional matte decoration can be added between the client area and the window frame (see the matteWidth resource). A matte is not actuallypart of the window frame. There is no functionality associated with a matte.

Icons

Icons are small graphic representations of windows. A window can be minimized (iconified) using the minimize button on the window frame. Icons provide a wayto reduce clutter on the screen.

Pressing mouse button 1 when the pointer is over an icon causes the icon's window menu to pop up. Releasing the button (press + release without moving mouse= click) causes the menu to stay posted. The menu contains the following selections:

Icon Window Menu

Note that pressing button 3 over an icon also causes the icon's window menu to pop up. To make a menu selection, drag the pointer over the menu and releasebutton 3 when the desired item is highlighted.

Double-clicking button 1 on an icon invokes the f.restore_and_raise function and restores the icon's associated window to its previous state. Forexample, if a maximized window is iconified, double-clicking button 1 restores it to its maximized state. Double-clicking button 1 on the icon box's icon opensthe icon box and allows access to the contained icons. (In general, double-clicking a mouse button is a quick way to perform a function.) Pressing<Shift> <Esc> or <Menu> (the pop-up menu key) causes the icon window menu of the currently selected icon to pop up.

Icon Box

When icons begin to clutter the screen, they can be packed into an icon box. (To use an icon box, mwm must be started with the icon box configurationalready set.) The icon box is a mwm window that holds client icons. It includes one or more scroll bars when there are more window icons than the iconbox can show at the same time.

Icons in the icon box can be manipulated with the mouse. The following table summarizes the behavior of this interface. Button actions apply whenever thepointer is on any part of the icon. Note that double-clicking an icon in the icon box invokes the f.restore_and_raise function.

Pressing mouse button 3 when the pointer is over an icon causes the menu for that icon to pop up.

Icon Menu for the Icon Box

To pull down the window menu for the icon box itself, press button 1 with the pointer over the menu button for the icon box. The window menu of the icon boxdiffers from the window menu of a client window: The 'Close' selection is replaced with the 'PackIcons Shift+Alt+F7' selection. When selected, PackIcons packsthe icons in the box to achieve neat rows with no empty slots.

You can also post the window menu by pressing <Shift>, <Esc> or <Alt> <Space>. Pressing <Menu> (the pop-up menu key) causesthe icon window menu of the currently selected icon to pop up.

Input Focus

The mwm window manager supports (by default) a keyboard input focus policy of explicit selection. This means when a window is selected to getkeyboard input, it continues to get keyboard input until the window is withdrawn from window management, another window is explicitly selected to get keyboardinput, or the window is iconified. Several resources control the input focus. The client window with the keyboard input focus has the active window appearancewith a visually distinct window frame.

The following tables summarize the keyboard input focus selection behavior:

Window Stacking

There are two types of window stacks: global window stacks and an application's local family window stack.

The global stacking order of windows may be changed as a result of setting the keyboard input focus, iconifying a window, or performing a window managerwindow stacking function. When keyboard focus policy is explicit the default value of the focusAutoRaise resource is True. This causes a window to beraised to the top of the stack when it receives input focus, for example, by pressing button 1 on the title bar. The key actions defined in the previous tablewill thus raise the window receiving focus to the top of the stack.

In pointer mode, the default value of focusAutoRaise is False, that is, the window stacking order is not changed when a window receives keyboardinput focus. The following key actions can be used to cycle through the global window stack.

By default, a window's icon is placed on the bottom of the stack when the window is iconified; however, the default can be changed by thelowerOnIconify resource.

Transient windows (secondary windows such a dialog boxes) stay above their parent windows by default; however, an application's local family stacking ordermay be changed to allow a transient window to be placed below its parent top-level window. The following arguments show the modification of the stacking orderfor the f.lower function.

f.lower

Lowers the transient window within the family (staying above the parent) and lowers the family in the global window stack.

f.lower [ within]

Lowers the transient window within the family (staying above the parent) but does not lower the family in the global window stack.

f.lower [freeFamily ]

Lowers the window free from its family stack (below the parent), but does not lower the family in the global window stack.

The arguments within and freeFamily can also be used with f.raise and f.raise_lower.

Session Management

mwm resource names) can be used interchangeably, but 'mwm' takes precedence over 'Mwm'.

The mwm command uses the following types of resources:

Component Appearance Resources:

These resources specify appearance attributes of window manager user interface components. They can be applied to the appearance of window manager menus,feedback windows (for example, the window reconfiguration feedback window), client window frames, and icons.

General Appearance and Behavior Resources:

These resources specify mwm appearance and behavior (for example, window management policies). They are not set separately for different mwmuser interface components. They apply to all screens and workspaces.

Screen Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources:

These resources specify the appearance and behavior of mwm elements that are settable on a per-screen basis.

Client Specific Resources:

These mwm resources can be set for a particular client window or class of client windows. They specify client-specific icon and client window frameappearance and behavior.

Resource identifiers can be either a resource name (for example, foreground) or a resource class (for example, Foreground). If the value of a resource is afilename and if the filename is prefixed by '~/', then it is relative to the path contained in the HOME environment variable (generally the user's homedirectory).

Component Appearance Resources

The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to window manager icons, menus, and client window frames is Mwm*resource_id

For example, Mwm*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm menus, icons, client window frames, and feedback dialogs.

The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to a particular mwm component isMwm*[menu|icon|client|feedback] *resource_id

If menu is specified, the resource is applied only to mwm menus; if icon is specified, the resource is applied to icons; and ifclient is specified, the resource is applied to client window frames. For example, Mwm*icon*foreground is used to specify the foreground colorfor mwm icons, Mwm*menu*foreground specifies the foreground color for mwm menus, and Mwm*client*foreground is used to specify theforeground color for mwm client window frames.

The appearance of the title area of a client window frame (including window management buttons) can be separately configured. The syntax for configuring thetitle area of a client window frame is Mwm*client*title*resource_id

For example, Mwm*client*title*foreground specifies the foreground color for the title area. Defaults for title area resources are based on the valuesof the corresponding client window frame resources.

The appearance of menus can be configured based on the name of the menu. The syntax for specifying menu appearance by name is Mwm*menu*menu_name*resource_id

For example, Mwm*menu*my_menu*foreground specifies the foreground color for the menu named my_menu. The user can also specify resources forwindow manager menu components, that is, the gadgets that comprise the menu. These may include for example, a menu title, title separator, one or more buttons,and separators. If a menu contains more than one instance of a class, such as multiple PushButtonGadgets, the name of the first instance is'PushButtonGadget1', the second is 'PushButtonGadget2', and so on. The following list identifies the naming convention used for window manager menucomponents:

• Menu Title LabelGadget - 'TitleName'

• Menu Title SeparatorGadget - 'TitleSeparator'

• CascadeButtonGadget - 'CascadeButtonGadget<n>'

• PushButtonGadget - 'PushButtonGadget<n>'

• SeparatorGadget - 'SeparatorGadget<n>'

Refer to the man page for each class for a list of resources that can be specified.

The following component appearance resources that apply to all window manager parts can be specified:

Component Appearance Resources - All Window Manager Parts

foreground (class Foreground)

This resource specifies the foreground color. The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.

saveUnder (class SaveUnder)

This is used to indicate whether 'save unders' are used for mwm components. For this to have any effect, save unders must be implemented by the Xserver. If save unders are implemented, the X server saves the contents of windows obscured by windows that have the save under attribute set. If thesaveUnder resource is True, mwm will set the save under attribute on the window manager frame of any client that has it set. If saveUnderis False, save unders will not be used on any window manager frames. The default value is False.

topShadowColor (class Background)

This resource specifies the top shadow color. This color is used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration. The default is chosen basedon the visual type of the screen.

topShadowPixmap ( class TopShadowPixmap)

This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is used for the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration. The default is chosenbased on the visual type of the screen.

The following component appearance resources that apply to frame and icons can be specified:

Frame and Icon Components

The following general appearance and behavior resources can be specified:

General Appearance and Behavior Resources

†The resource doubleClickTime is included for backward compatibility. Use of the Xt resource multiClickTime is preferred.

autoKeyFocus (class AutoKeyFocus)

This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit. If autoKeyFocus is given a value of True, then when a window withthe keyboard input focus is withdrawn from window management or is iconified, the focus is set to the previous window that had the focus. If the value given isFalse, there is no automatic setting of the keyboard input focus. It is recommended that both autoKeyFocus and startupKeyFocus be True to workwith tear off menus. The default value is True.

autoRaiseDelay (class AutoRaiseDelay)

This resource is available only when the focusAutoRaise resource is True and the keyboard focus policy is pointer. The autoRaiseDelay resourcespecifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that mwm will wait before raising a window after it gets the keyboard focus. The default value of thisresource is 500 (ms).

bitmapDirectory (class BitmapDirectory)

This resource identifies a directory to be searched for bitmaps referenced by mwm resources. This directory is searched if a bitmap is specifiedwithout an absolute pathname. The default value for this resource is /usr/include/X11/bitmaps. The directory /usr/include/X11/bitmaps representsthe customary locations for this directory. The actual location of this directory may vary on some systems. If the bitmap is not found in the specifieddirectory, XBMLANGPATH is searched.

clientAutoPlace (class ClientAutoPlace)

This resource determines the position of a window when the window has not been given a program- or user-specified position. With a value of True, windowsare positioned with the top left corners of the frames offset horizontally and vertically. A value of False causes the currently configured position of thewindow to be used. In either case, mwm will attempt to place the windows totally on-screen. The default value is True.

colormapFocusPolicy (class ColormapFocusPolicy)

This resource indicates the colormap focus policy that is to be used. If the resource value is explicit, a colormap selection action is done on a clientwindow to set the colormap focus to that window. If the value is pointer, the client window containing the pointer has the colormap focus. If the value iskeyboard, the client window that has the keyboard input focus has the colormap focus. The default value for this resource is keyboard.

configFile (class ConfigFile)

The resource value is the pathname for a mwm resource description file. If the pathname begins with '~/', mwm considers it to be relative tothe user's home directory (as specified by the HOME environment variable). If the LANG environment variable is set, mwm looks for$HOME/$LANG/ configFile. If that file does not exist or if LANG is not set, mwm looks for $HOME/configFile. If theconfigFile pathname does not begin with '~/' or '/', mwm considers it to be relative to the current working directory. If the configFileresource is not specified or if that file does not exist, mwm uses several default paths to find a configuration file. The order of the search is shownbelow: /etc/X11/mwm/$LANG/system.mwmrc†/etc/X11/mwm/system.mwmrc†Paths marked with '†' are implementation dependent.

deiconifyKeyFocus (class DeiconifyKeyFocus)

This resource applies only when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit. If a value of True is used, a window receives the keyboard input focus when itis normalized (deiconified). True is the default value.

doubleClickTime (class DoubleClickTime)

This resource is used to set the maximum time (in ms) between the clicks (button presses) that make up a double-click. The use of this resource isdeprecated. Use the Xt resource multiClickTime instead. The value of doubleClickTime dynamically defaults to the value ofmultiClickTime.

enableWarp (class EnableWarp)

The default value of this resource, True, causes mwm to warp the pointer to the center of the selected window during keyboard-controlled resize andmove operations. Setting the value to False causes mwm to leave the pointer at its original place on the screen, unless the user explicitly moves itwith the cursor keys or pointing device.

enforceKeyFocus (class EnforceKeyFocus)

If this resource is given a value of True, the keyboard input focus is always explicitly set to selected windows even if there is an indication that theyare 'globally active' input windows. (An example of a globally active window is a scroll bar that can be operated without setting the focus to that client.) Ifthe resource is False, the keyboard input focus is not explicitly set to globally active windows. The default value is True.

frameStyle (class frameStyle)

If this resource is given a value of 'slab', the the window manager frame is drawn such that the client area appears to be at the same height as the top ofthe window frame. If the resource is set to 'recessed', the window frame is drawn such that the client area appears lower than the top of the window frame. Thedefault value is 'recessed'.

iconAutoPlace (class IconAutoPlace)

This resource indicates whether the window manager arranges icons in a particular area of the screen or places each icon where the window was when it wasiconified. The value True indicates that icons are arranged in a particular area of the screen, determined by the iconPlacement resource. The valueFalse indicates that an icon is placed at the location of the window when it is iconified. The default is True.

iconClick (class IconClick)

When this resource is given the value of True, the system menu is posted and left posted when an icon is clicked. The default value is True.

interactivePlacement (class InteractivePlacement)

This resource controls the initial placement of new windows on the screen. If the value is True, the pointer shape changes before a new window is placed onthe screen to indicate to the user that a position should be selected for the upper-left hand corner of the window. If the value is False, windows are placedaccording to the initial window configuration attributes. The default value of this resource is False.

keyboardFocusPolicy (class KeyboardFocusPolicy)

If set to pointer, the keyboard focus policy is to have the keyboard focus set to the client window that contains the pointer (the pointer could also be inthe client window decoration that mwm adds). If set to explicit, the policy is to have the keyboard focus set to a client window when the user pressesbutton 1 with the pointer on the client window or any part of the associated mwm decoration. The default value for this resource is explicit.

lowerOnIconify (class LowerOnIconify)

If this resource is given the default value of True, a window's icon appears on the bottom of the window stack when the window is minimized (iconified). Avalue of False places the icon in the stacking order at the same place as its associated window. The default value of this resource is True.

moveThreshold (class MoveThreshold)

This resource is used to control the sensitivity of dragging operations that move windows and icons. The value of this resource is the number of pixels thatthe locator is moved with a button down before the move operation is initiated. This is used to prevent window/icon movement when you click or double-click andthere is unintentional pointer movement with the button down. The default value of this resource is 4 (pixels).

multiScreen (class MultiScreen)

This resource, if True, causes mwm to manage all the screens on the display. If False, mwm manages only a single screen. The default value isFalse.

passButtons (class PassButtons)

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This resource indicates whether or not button press events are passed to clients after they are used to do a window manager function in the client context.If the resource value is False, the button press is not passed to the client. If the value is True, the button press is passed to the client window. The windowmanager function is done in either case. The default value for this resource is False.

passSelectButton (class PassSelectButton)

This resource indicates whether or not to pass the select button press events to clients after they are used to do a window manager function in the clientcontext. If the resource value is False, then the button press will not be passed to the client. If the value is True, the button press is passed to the clientwindow. The window manager function is done in either case. The default value for this resource is True.

positionIsFrame (class PositionIsFrame)

This resource indicates how client window position information (from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property and from configuration requests) is to beinterpreted. If the resource value is True, the information is interpreted as the position of the mwm client window frame. If the value is False, it isinterpreted as being the position of the client area of the window. The default value of this resource is True.

positionOnScreen (class PositionOnScreen)

This resource is used to indicate that windows should initially be placed (if possible) so that they are not clipped by the edge of the screen (if theresource value is True). If a window is larger than the size of the screen, at least the upper-left corner of the window is on-screen. If the resource value isFalse, windows are placed in the requested position even if totally off-screen. The default value of this resource is True.

quitTimeout (class QuitTimeout)

This resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that mwm will wait for a client to update the WM_COMMAND property aftermwm has sent the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF message. The default value of this resource is 1000 (ms). (Refer to the f.kill function description foradditional information.)

raiseKeyFocus (class RaiseKeyFocus)

This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit. When set to True, this resource specifies that a window raised by means ofthe f.normalize_and_raise function also receives the input focus. The default value of this resource is False.

refreshByClearing (class RefreshByClearing)

This resource determines the mechanism used to refresh a window (or the screen) when the f.refresh_win (f.refresh) function is executed. Whenset to True, an XClearArea is performed over the window for f.refresh_win. When set to False, a covering window is created and destroyed over the top ofthe window to be refreshed. If the function is f.refresh and this resource is set to True, then an XClearArea is performed over every window on thescreen. If the resource is set to False, then one large window covering the entire screen is created and destroyed. The default value of this resource isTrue.

rootButtonClick (class RootButtonClick)

The rootButtonClick resource controls whether the a click on the root window will post the root menu in a 'sticky' mode. If this resource is set toTrue, a button click on the root window will post the menu bound to the button down event for that button in a 'sticky' fashion. If this resource is set toFalse, then the same button click would only cause the menu to flash as it would be unposted once the button up event is seen. The criterion used to determineif it is a button click is if the pointer doesn't move between the button down and button up events. The default value for this resource is True.

screens (class Screens)

This resource specifies the resource names to use for the screens managed by mwm. If mwm is managing a single screen, only the first name inthe list is used. If mwm is managing multiple screens, the names are assigned to the screens in order, starting with screen 0. Screen 0 gets the firstname, screen 1 the second name, and so on. The default screen names are 0, 1, and so on.

sessionClientDB (class SessionClientDB)

This resource identifies a file name to use as a root when saving state at the request of an XSMP session manager. When the session is saved, the windowmanager will then reuse the file name by automatically incrementing a suffix.

showFeedback (class ShowFeedback)

This resource controls whether or not feedback windows or confirmation dialogs are displayed. A feedback window shows a client window's initial placementand shows position and size during move and resize operations. Confirmation dialogs can be displayed for certain operations. The value for this resource is alist of names of the feedback options to be enabled or disabled; the names must be separated by a space. If an option is preceded by a minus sign, that optionis excluded from the list. The sign of the first item in the list determines the initial set of options. If the sign of the first option is minus,mwm assumes all options are present and starts subtracting from that set. If the sign of the first decoration is plus (or not specified), mwmstarts with no options and builds up a list from the resource.

The names of the feedback options are shown below:

The following command line illustrates the syntax for showFeedback:This resource specification provides feedback for initial client placement and resize, and enables the dialog boxes to confirm the restart and set behaviorfunctions. It disables feedback for the move function. The default value for this resource is all.

startupKeyFocus (class StartupKeyFocus)

This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus policy is explicit. When given the default value of True, a window gets the keyboard inputfocus when the window is mapped (that is, initially managed by the window manager). It is recommended that both autoKeyFocus and startupKeyFocusbe True to work with tear off menus. The default value is True.

wMenuButtonClick (class WMenuButtonClick)

This resource indicates whether a click of the mouse when the pointer is over the window menu button posts and leaves posted the window menu. If the valuegiven this resource is True, the menu remains posted. True is the default value for this resource.

wMenuButtonClick2 (class WMenuButtonClick2)

When this resource is given the default value of True, a double-click action on the window menu button does an f.kill function.

Screen Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources

Screen Specific Resources

buttonBindings (class ButtonBindings)

This resource identifies the set of button bindings for window management functions. The named set of button bindings is specified in the mwmresource description file. These button bindings are merged with the built-in default bindings. The default value for this resource is'DefaultButtonBindings'.

cleanText (class CleanText)

This resource controls the display of window manager text in the client title and feedback windows. If the default value of True is used, the text is drawnwith a clear (no stipple) background. This makes text easier to read on monochrome systems where a backgroundPixmap is specified. Only the stippling in thearea immediately around the text is cleared. If False, the text is drawn directly on top of the existing background.

fadeNormalIcon (class FadeNormalIcon)

If this resource is given a value of True, an icon is grayed out whenever it has been normalized (its window has been opened). The default value isFalse.

feedbackGeometry (class FeedbackGeometry)

This resource sets the position of the move and resize feedback window. If this resource is not specified, the default is to place the feedback window atthe center of the screen. The value of the resource is a standard window geometry string with the following syntax: [=]{+-}xoffset{+-} yoffset]

frameBorderWidth (class FrameBorderWidth)

This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window frame border without resize handles. The border width includes the 3-D shadows. The defaultvalue is based on the size and resolution of the screen.

iconBoxGeometry (class IconBoxGeometry)

This resource indicates the initial position and size of the icon box. The value of the resource is a standard window geometry string with the followingsyntax: [=][widthxheight][{+-}xoffset {+-}yoffset] If the offsets are not provided, the iconPlacementpolicy is used to determine the initial placement. The units for width and height are columns and rows. The actual screen size of the icon box window dependson the iconImageMaximum (size) and iconDecoration resources. The default value for size is (6 * iconWidth + padding) wide by (1 * iconHeight + padding)high. The default value of the location is +0 -0.

iconBoxName (class IconBoxName)

This resource specifies the name that is used to look up icon box resources. The default name is iconbox.

iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy (class IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy)

This resource specifies the scroll bar display policy of the window manager in the icon box. The resource has three possible values: all, vertical, andhorizontal. The default value, 'all', causes both vertical and horizontal scroll bars always to appear. The value 'vertical' causes a single vertical scrollbar to appear in the icon box and sets the orientation of the icon box to horizontal (regardless of the iconBoxGeometry specification). The value 'horizontal'causes a single horizontal scroll bar to appear in the icon box and sets the orientation of the icon box to vertical (regardless of the iconBoxGeometryspecification).

iconBoxTitle (class IconBoxTitle)

This resource specifies the name that is used in the title area of the icon box frame. The default value is Icons.

iconDecoration (class IconDecoration)

This resource specifies the general icon decoration. The resource value is label (only the label part is displayed) or image (only the image part isdisplayed) or label image (both the label and image parts are displayed). A value of activelabel can also be specified to get a label (not truncated to thewidth of the icon) when the icon is selected. The default icon decoration for icon box icons is that each icon has a label part and an image part (labelimage). The default icon decoration for stand alone icons is that each icon has an active label part, a label part, and an image part (activelabel labelimage).

iconImageMaximum (class IconImageMaximum)

This resource specifies the maximum size of the icon image. The resource value is widthxheight (for example, 64x64). The maximumsupported size is 128x128. The default value of this resource is 50x50.

iconImageMinimum (class IconImageMinimum)

This resource specifies the minimum size of the icon image. The resource value is widthxheight (for example, 32x50). The minimumsupported size is 16x16. The default value of this resource is 16x16.

iconPlacement (class IconPlacement)

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This resource specifies the icon placement scheme to be used. The resource value has the following syntax:

primary_layout secondary_layout [tight]

The layout values are one of the following:

A horizontal (vertical) layout value should not be used for both the primary_layout and the secondary_layout (for example, don't use top forthe primary_layout and bottom for the secondary_layout).

The primary_layout indicates whether, when an icon placement is done, the icon is placed in a row or a column and the direction of placement. Thesecondary_layout indicates where to place new rows or columns. For example, top right indicates that icons should be placed top to bottom on the screenand that columns should be added from right to left on the screen.

The default placement is left bottom (icons are placed left to right on the screen, with the first row on the bottom of the screen, and new rows added fromthe bottom of the screen to the top of the screen). A tight value places icons with zero spacing in between icons. This value is useful for aestheticreasons, as well as X-terminals with small screens.

iconPlacementMargin (class IconPlacementMargin)

This resource sets the distance between the edge of the screen and the icons that are placed along the edge of the screen. The value should be greater thanor equal to 0. A default value (see below) is used if the value specified is invalid. The default value for this resource is equal to the space between iconsas they are placed on the screen (this space is based on maximizing the number of icons in each row and column).

keyBindings (class KeyBindings)

This resource identifies the set of key bindings for window management functions. If specified, these key bindings replace the built-in defaultbindings. The named set of key bindings is specified in mwm resource description file. The default value for this resource is'DefaultKeyBindings'.

limitResize (class LimitResize)

If this resource is True, the user is not allowed to resize a window to greater than the maximum size. The default value for this resource is True.

maximumMaximumSize (class MaximumMaximumSize)

This resource is used to limit the maximum size of a client window as set by the user or client. The resource value is widthxheight(for example, 1024x1024) where the width and height are in pixels. The default value of this resource is twice the screen width and height.

moveOpaque (class MoveOpaque)

This resource controls whether the actual window is moved or a rectangular outline of the window is moved. A default value of False displays a rectangularoutline on moves.

resizeBorderWidth (class ResizeBorderWidth)

This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window frame border with resize handles. The specified border width includes the 3-D shadows. Thedefault value is based on the size and resolution of the screen.

resizeCursors (class ResizeCursors)

This is used to indicate whether the resize cursors are always displayed when the pointer is in the window size border. If True, the cursors are shown,otherwise the window manager cursor is shown. The default value is True.

transientDecoration (class TransientDecoration)

This controls the amount of decoration that mwm puts on transient windows. The decoration specification is exactly the same as for theclientDecoration (client specific) resource. Transient windows are identified by the WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property, which is added by the client toindicate a relatively temporary window. The default value for this resource is menu title (that is, transient windows have frame borders and a titlebar with awindow menu button).

An application can also specify which decorations mwm should apply to its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those decorations indicatedby both the application and the transientDecoration resource. Otherwise, mwm applies the decorations indicated by the transientDecorationresource. For more information see the description of XmNmwmDecorations on the vendorshell(3) reference page.

transientFunctions (class TransientFunctions)

This resource is used to indicate which window management functions are applicable (or not applicable) to transient windows. The function specification isexactly the same as for the clientFunctions (client specific) resource. The default value for this resource is -minimize -maximize.

An application can also specify which functions mwm should apply to its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those functions indicated byboth the application and the transientFunctions resource. Otherwise, mwm applies the functions indicated by the transientFunctionsresource. For more information see the description of XmNmwmFunctions on the vendorshell(3) reference page.

useIconBox (class UseIconBox)

If this resource is given a value of True, icons are placed in an icon box. When an icon box is not used, the icons are placed on the root window (defaultvalue).

Client Specific Resources

The syntax for specifying client specific resources is

Mwm*client_name_or_class*resource_id

For example, Mwm*mterm*windowMenu is used to specify the window menu to be used with mterm clients. The syntax for specifying client specificresources for all classes of clients is

Mwm*resource_id

Specific client specifications take precedence over the specifications for all clients. For example, Mwm*windowMenu is used to specify the windowmenu to be used for all classes of clients that don't have a window menu specified.

The syntax for specifying resource values for windows that have an unknown name and class (that is, windows that do not have a WM_CLASS propertyassociated with them) is

Mwm*defaults*resource_id

For example, Mwm*defaults*iconImage is used to specify the icon image to be used for windows that have an unknown name and class.

The following client specific resources can be specified:

Client Specific Resources

clientDecoration (class ClientDecoration)

This resource controls the amount of window frame decoration. The resource is specified as a list of decorations to specify their inclusion in the frame. Ifa decoration is preceded by a minus sign, that decoration is excluded from the frame. The sign of the first item in the list determines the initialamount of decoration. If the sign of the first decoration is minus, mwm assumes all decorations are present and starts subtracting from that set. If thesign of the first decoration is plus (or not specified), then mwm starts with no decoration and builds up a list from the resource.

An application can also specify which decorations mwm should apply to its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those decorations indicatedby both the application and the clientDecoration resource. Otherwise, mwm applies the decorations indicated by the clientDecorationresource. For more information see the description of XmNmwmDecorations on the vendorshell(3) reference page.

Examples: Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: -resizeh -maximize This removes the resize handles and maximize button from XClock windows.Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: menu minimize border This does the same thing as above. Note that either menu or minimize impliestitle.

clientFunctions (class ClientFunctions)

This resource is used to indicate which mwm functions are applicable (or not applicable) to the client window. The value for the resource is a listof functions. If the first function in the list has a minus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with all functions and subtracts from that set. If thefirst function in the list has a plus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with no functions and builds up a list. Each function in the list must bepreceded by the appropriate plus or minus sign and separated from the next function by a space.

An application can also specify which functions mwm should apply to its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those functions indicated byboth the application and the clientFunctions resource. Otherwise, mwm applies the functions indicated by the clientFunctions resource. Formore information see the description of XmNmwmFunctions on the vendorshell(3) reference page.

The following table lists the functions available for this resource:

†See mwmrc(4).

focusAutoRaise (class FocusAutoRaise)

When the value of this resource is True, clients are raised when they get the keyboard input focus. If the value is False, the stacking of windows on thedisplay is not changed when a window gets the keyboard input focus. The default value is True when the keyboardFocusPolicy is explicit and False when thekeyboardFocusPolicy is pointer.

iconImage (class IconImage)

This resource can be used to specify an icon image for a client (for example, 'Mwm*myclock*iconImage'). The resource value is a pathname for a pixmap orbitmap file. The value of the (client specific) useClientIcon resource is used to determine whether or not user supplied icon images are used instead ofclient supplied icon images. The default value is to display a built-in window manager icon image.

iconImageBackground (class Background)

This resource specifies the background color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is theicon background color (that is, specified by 'Mwm*background or Mwm*icon*background).

iconImageBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)

This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is theicon bottom shadow color (that is, specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowColor).

iconImageBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)

This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is theicon bottom shadow Pixmap (that is, specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowPixmap).

iconImageForeground (class Foreground)

This resource specifies the foreground color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource variesdepending on the icon background.

iconImageTopShadowColor (class Background)

This resource specifies the top shadow color of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is theicon top shadow color (that is, specified by Mwm*icon*topShadowColor).

iconImageTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)

This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the icon image that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of this resource is theicon top shadow pixmap (that is, specified by Mwm*icon*topShadowPixmap).

matteBackground (class Background)

This resource specifies the background color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the client backgroundcolor (that is, specified by 'Mwm*background or Mwm*client*background).

matteBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)

This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the client bottomshadow color (that is, specified by Mwm*bottomShadowColor or Mwm*client*bottomShadowColor).

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matteBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)

This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the matte, when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the client bottomshadow pixmap (that is, specified by Mwm*bottomShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*bottomShadowPixmap).

matteForeground (class Foreground)

This resource specifies the foreground color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the client foregroundcolor (that is, specified by Mwm*foreground or Mwm*client*foreground).

matteTopShadowColor (class Background)

This resource specifies the top shadow color of the matte, when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the client top shadowcolor (that is, specified by Mwm*topShadowColor or Mwm*client*topShadowColor).

matteTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)

This resource specifies the top shadow pixmap of the matte, when matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the client top shadowpixmap (that is, specified by 'Mwm*topShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*topShadowPixmap).

matteWidth (class MatteWidth)

This resource specifies the width of the optional matte. The default value is 0, which effectively disables the matte.

maximumClientSize (class MaximumClientSize)

This resource is either a size specification or a direction that indicates how a client window is to be maximized. The resource value can be specified as asize specification widthxheight. The width and height are interpreted in the units that the client uses (for example, for terminalemulators this is generally characters). Alternately, 'vertical' or 'horizontal' can be specified to indicate the direction in which the clientmaximizes.

If this resource is not specified, the maximum size from the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property is used if set. Otherwise the default value is the size wherethe client window with window management borders fills the screen. When the maximum client size is not determined by the maximumClientSize resource, themaximumMaximumSize resource value is used as a constraint on the maximum size.

useClientIcon (class UseClientIcon)

If the value given for this resource is True, a client-supplied icon image takes precedence over a user-supplied icon image. The default value is True,giving the client-supplied icon image higher precedence than the user-supplied icon image.

usePPosition (class UsePPosition)

This resource specifies whether Mwm honors program specified position PPosition specified in the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property in the absence of anuser specified position. Setting this resource to on, causes mwm to always honor program specified position. Setting this resource to off, causesmwm to always ignore program specified position. Setting this resource to the default value of nonzero cause mwm to honor program specifiedposition other than (0,0).

windowMenu (class WindowMenu)

This resource indicates the name of the menu pane that is posted when the window menu is popped up (usually by pressing button 1 on the window menu buttonon the client window frame). Menu panes are specified in the mwm resource description file. Window menus can be customized on a client class basis bycreating custom menus in your mwmrc file (see mwmrc(4) and specifying resources to activate the custom menus. The resources have the formMwm*client_name_or_class*windowMenu. The default value of this resource is DefaultWindowMenu.

Resource Description File

The mwm resource description file is a supplementary resource file that contains resource descriptions that are referred to by entries in theresource manager property (see xrdb(1) and the defaults files (.Xdefaults, app-defaults/Mwm ). It contains descriptions of resources thatare to be used by mwm, and that cannot be easily encoded in the defaults files (a bitmap file is an analogous type of resource description file). Aparticular mwm

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resource description file can be selected using the configFile resource.

The following types of resources can be described in the mwm resource description file:

Buttons

Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with button events.

Keys

Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with key press events.

Menus

Menu panes can be used for the window menu and other menus posted with key bindings and button bindings.

The mwm resource description file is described in mwmrc(4).

Environment

The mwm window manager uses the environment variable HOME specifying the user's home directory.

The mwm window manager uses the environment variable LANG specifying the user's choice of language for the mwm message catalog and themwm resource description file.

The mwm window uses the environment variable XFILESEARCHPATH, XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, XAPPLRESDIR, XENVIRONMENT,LANG, and HOME in determining search paths for resource defaults files. The mwm window manager may also us XBMLANGPATH to searchfor bitmap files.

The mwm window manager reads the $HOME/.motifbind file if it exists to install a virtual key bindings property on the root window. For moreinformation on the content of the .motifbind file, see

The mwm window manager uses the environment variable MWMSHELL (or SHELL, ifMWMSHELL is not set), specifying the shell touse when executing commands via the f.exec function.

Files

/etc/X11/mwm/$LANG/system.mwmrc

/etc/X11/mwm/system.mwmrc

/usr/share/X11/app-defaults/Mwm

$HOME/Mwm

$HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc

$HOME/.mwmrc

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